Theophylline
Uses of Theophylline
Theophylline is used to manage and prevent symptoms of respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It falls under the class of medications known as methylxanthines.
Besides these primary indications, Theophylline also helps in the management of other lung conditions, such as bronchitis and emphysema.
Side effects of Theophylline
Nausea
Headache
Insomnia
Tremors
Rapid heartbeat
How Theophylline works
Theophylline is classified as a methylxanthine derivative.
It acts primarily by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, reducing bronchospasm and making breathing easier. This is achieved by hindering an enzyme known as phosphodiesterase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP which facilitates airway smooth muscle relaxation. It also works by opposing adenosine receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction and inflammation in the airways. Additionally, Theophylline enhances the contraction strength of the diaphragm, which is the primary muscle involved in breathing, aiding in effective respiration.
Certified content
Written By
MSc (Applied Genetics)
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Theophylline can be taken orally (immediate-release tablet, sustained-release tablet, and extended-release tablet and capsule) and intravenously (injection).
Age and Dose Restrictions
Theophylline is meant for adult patients and children above the age of 12 years.
Contraindications
Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Theophylline or other xanthine derivatives should avoid this medicine. It is contraindicated in patients with acute asthma attacks, peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, and serious uncontrolled arrhythmias.
Other Medications to Avoid
Theophylline may interact with antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin), seizure medicines (like phenytoin and carbamazepine), and medications that reduce stomach acid (cimetidine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Theophylline may cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, headache, insomnia, restlessness, irritability, tremors, muscle twitching, increased urination, and fast or irregular heartbeat. If an overdose is suspected, consult your doctor immediately.
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Nausea, vomiting, and stomach upset can be managed by taking the medicine with food.
Avoid consuming caffeine from other sources to prevent excessive stimulant effects such as restlessness and irritability.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Theophylline may cause side effects like dizziness or sleeplessness which can affect your ability to drive or operate machinery. It is advisable not to drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Theophylline is generally considered safe in pregnancy and lactation. However, it is advised to consult your doctor before using this medicine during these periods.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, liver dysfunction, and those aged above 60 years should exercise caution while taking Theophylline.
Special care is also needed for neonates and patients with congestive heart failure.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Avoid foods and beverages that contain caffeine, as it can exacerbate some of Theophylline's side effects.
Frequently asked questions
Can Theophylline cause weight gain?
Theophylline does not typically cause weight gain. However, everyone responds differently to medications, and if you notice an unexplained weight change while taking Theophylline, you should consult your doctor.
Does Theophylline have an effect on mood?
While Theophylline is not typically associated with mood changes, some people may experience irritability or restlessness as a side effect of the medication. If you notice any significant changes in your mood while taking Theophylline, you should contact your doctor.
How long does Theophylline stay in the system?
The average half-life of Theophylline in adults is about 8 hours, which means that it takes approximately 8 hours for the body to eliminate half of the medicine. However, this may vary depending on factors like age, liver function, and whether or not the individual is a smoker.
Are there vegetarian or vegan options for Theophylline?
Most forms of Theophylline should be suitable for vegetarians and vegans as they do not usually contain any animal-derived ingredients. However, it is always best to check with your doctor to be sure.
Is there a natural alternative to Theophylline?
While certain natural substances, such as caffeine, have similar bronchodilator effects to Theophylline, they are not considered to be as effective or reliable for managing conditions like asthma or COPD. Always consult your doctor before starting any new medication or supplement regimen.
Is Theophylline a steroid?
No, Theophylline is not a steroid. It belongs to the class of medicines known as methylxanthines and is primarily used as a bronchodilator to manage conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
What is the best time to take Theophylline?
The best time to take Theophylline depends on the dosage schedule prescribed by your doctor. However, taking the medication at the same time every day helps maintain consistent levels of the medicine in your body.
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