Misoprostol
Uses of Misoprostol
The primary use of Misoprostol is for various gynaecological and gastroenterological indications. It belongs to the prostaglandin medication group.
Additionally, it is used for medical termination of pregnancy (in combination with mifepristone), cervical ripening before certain uterine procedures, induction of labour, prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, and treatment and prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers.
Side effects of Misoprostol
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain and cramping
Headache
How Misoprostol works
Misoprostol is classified as a prostaglandin analogue with gastroprotective and gynaecological actions.
It works by binding to myometrial cells' prostaglandin receptors in the uterus, leading to contractions. This action is utilised for inducing labour, medical termination of pregnancy, and managing postpartum haemorrhage. In the case of cervical ripening, Misoprostol aids in breaking down collagen, which helps soften the cervix before certain uterine procedures. For gastric protection, Misoprostol acts by inhibiting the acid secretion and increasing the production of protective mucus in the stomach. This helps to prevent and manage gastric ulcers, particularly those induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs).
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BAMS, APG, PG
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Misoprostol can be taken orally (tablet form) or vaginal (suppository) route.
Age and Dose Restrictions
Misoprostol is intended for use in adults only.
Contraindications
Misoprostol is contraindicated in individuals who are hypersensitive or allergic to misoprostol or any prostaglandins. It should also not be used by patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease.
Other Medications to Avoid
Misoprostol may interact with NSAIDs (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen) and antacids containing magnesium (e.g., milk of magnesia).
Overdose and Missed Dose
Overdose of Misoprostol may lead to severe gastrointestinal distress, excessive uterine cramping, and bleeding. If these symptoms occur, you must seek immediate medical attention.
In case you miss a dose of Misoprostol, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For nausea or vomiting, try taking the medicine with food.
In case of diarrhoea, ensure you stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
If you experience dizziness or a headache, rest and avoid sudden movements.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Misoprostol may cause dizziness or a headache. If you experience these side effects, do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you feel well enough.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Misoprostol is not recommended for use during pregnancy except when used for medical termination of pregnancy. The medicine is excreted in breast milk and should be used cautiously if breastfeeding. Consult your doctor before use.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with cardiovascular disease should exercise caution when taking Misoprostol. It should also be used cautiously in patients with hepatic or renal impairment, anaemia, diabetes or a history of ectopic pregnancy.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Foods and drinks high in acidity (like citrus fruits, tomatoes, and caffeinated beverages) can aggravate gastrointestinal discomfort. Choose low-acid options to reduce irritation.
Drink clear fluids such as water, oral rehydration solutions, or clear broths to maintain hydration.
Regular check-ups with your doctor are recommended to monitor your condition.
Frequently asked questions
Does Misoprostol have any effect on mood?
Misoprostol can affect mood, causing temporary anxiety, irritability, or depression in some individuals, which typically resolves after discontinuation of the medication. Consult your doctor if they persist or worsen.
Will Misoprostol affect fertility?
No, Misoprostol use does not typically affect fertility. However, it is essential to consult your doctor before using it if you plan to conceive soon.
Is it safe to take Misoprostol daily?
Take Misoprostol as directed by your doctor. Long-term use can cause side effects and should only be done under your doctor's recommendation.
How much time does Misoprostol take to show its effect?
The time Misoprostol takes to show effects varies by condition for which it is being used. Your doctor will be able to provide more accurate information specific to your condition and dosage.
What is the best time to take Misoprostol?
The best time to take Misoprostol is as directed by your doctor, usually at regular intervals throughout the day.
Is Misoprostol available over the counter, or do I need a prescription?
Misoprostol requires a prescription and is not available over the counter.
What is the duration of treatment with Misoprostol?
The duration of treatment with Misoprostol varies depending on the condition being managed and individual patient response.
Misoprostol in other salts
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