Metronidazole + Rifaximin
Uses of Metronidazole + Rifaximin
Metronidazole + Rifaximin is primarily used to manage bacterial infections in the gastrointestinal tract. It belongs to the group of antibiotics.
Secondary uses include the management of traveller's diarrhoea caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli bacteria, recurrence prevention of hepatic encephalopathy (brain dysfunction due to liver dysfunction), and managing irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea in adults and children over 12 years old.
Side effects of Metronidazole + Rifaximin
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Headache
How Metronidazole + Rifaximin works
Metronidazole is an antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria and parasites. It does this by entering the cells of the bacteria or parasite, where it interferes with their genetic material (DNA). This prevents the cells from producing new DNA, which stops them from replicating and increasing in number.
Rifaximin, on the other hand, is also an antibiotic that acts in a different way. It inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This action disrupts the bacteria's ability to make proteins, which are necessary for its growth and survival.
Together, these two medicines offer a combined effect that provides broad-spectrum coverage against various harmful gut bacteria, making them a potent weapon in managing bacterial infections.
Certified content
Written By
MSc (Applied Genetics)
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Metronidazole + Rifaximin is available in the form of tablets and capsules for oral administration.
Age and Dose Restrictions
This combination is intended for use in adults and children above 12 years of age.
Contraindications
Metronidazole + Rifaximin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to either metronidazole or rifaximin. It is also contraindicated in patients who have taken disulfiram within the last two weeks.
Other Medications to Avoid
Metronidazole + Rifaximin may interact with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), antipsychotic medications (e..g, lithium), and stomach ulcer medications (e..g, cimetidine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Metronidazole + Rifaximin can lead to severe nausea, vomiting, and neurological symptoms including seizures and numbness or tingling in the extremities. If an overdose is suspected, contact your doctor immediately.
If you miss a dose of this combination, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Staying hydrated may help ease some side effects like dry mouth and constipation.
Taking the medication after meals could help manage nausea and stomach discomfort.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Metronidazole + Rifaximin may cause dizziness. If you feel dizzy or lightheaded, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Metronidazole + Rifaximin should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Always consult your doctor before taking any medication during these periods.
Caution in Other Conditions
Caution should be taken when using Metronidazole + Rifaximin in patients with liver disease, kidney disease, certain blood disorders, or Cockayne syndrome (DNA repair syndrome). Dose adjustments may be needed.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
There are no special dietary and lifestyle recommendations apart from maintain a well-balanced diet, hydrating often, avoiding alcohol during medication, and engaging in regular physical activity.
Frequently asked questions
Will I need regular medical tests while on Metronidazole + Rifaximin?
While typically not routine, your doctor may recommend certain medical tests to monitor your health while on Metronidazole + Rifaximin. This will depend on your underlying health condition and other factors.
Does Metronidazole + Rifaximin have any effect on sleep?
No, there is no established impact of Metronidazole + Rifaximin on sleep. However, an individual's response to medicine can vary. If you experience any changes in your sleep patterns, it is recommended that you consult your doctor.
Will Metronidazole + Rifaximin affect fertility?
There is currently no evidence to suggest that Metronidazole + Rifaximin negatively impact fertility in humans. However, always consult with your doctor for advice tailored to your personal medical history.
Can Metronidazole + Rifaximin be taken by people who have a sensitivity to lactose?
People who are intolerant to lactose should consult with their doctor before taking Metronidazole + Rifaximin, as some tablets may contain lactose.
Is it safe to take Metronidazole + Rifaximin daily?
The safety of daily use of Metronidazole + Rifaximin depends on the specific dosage prescribed by your doctor and the medical condition being managed. It is imperative to follow your doctor's instructions regarding the dosage and duration of treatment.
How much time does Metronidazole + Rifaximin take to work?
The time required for Metronidazole + Rifaximin to show its effect can vary depending on the condition being managed and individual patient factors. Consult your doctor for specific information related to your condition.
Can the effectiveness of Metronidazole + Rifaximin decrease over time due to resistance?
Yes, bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics over time, reducing their effectiveness. It's crucial to use antibiotics judiciously and complete the full course prescribed by your doctor.
Metronidazole + Rifaximin in other salts
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